Jharkhand public service commission

🏛️ POLITY & CONSTITUTION

1. SC Orders Oversight of Bar Council of India’s Policy Decisions

Tags: BCI, Advocates Act 1961, Statutory Bodies

Why Important: Tests understanding of professional self-regulatory bodies and SC’s supervisory jurisdiction over them.

Prerequisite Knowledge: The Bar Council of India is a statutory body constituted under the Advocates Act, 1961 — distinct from the Bar Council of a State, and distinct from the judiciary itself.

Content:

• The Supreme Court clarified that senior advocate Manan Kumar Mishra is serving only as “pro tem” chairperson of the BCI until fresh elections are held
• Directed the council to consult the Attorney-General and Solicitor-General — both permanent ex-officio BCI members — before taking any major policy decisions in the interim
• Allegations examined included:
  • Formation of the BCI Pearl First Trust (2020) with BCI office-bearers as “permanent managing trustees”
  • Extension of the BCI chairperson/vice-chairperson tenure to five years

Static Link:

Structure of BCI:

• Attorney-General and Solicitor-General are permanent ex-officio members
• BCI is a statutory body, not a constitutional body
• SC exercises supervisory jurisdiction over BCI’s policy decisions

2. Allahabad HC Quashes NSA Detention — “Concocted Story”

Tags: National Security Act 1980, Habeas Corpus, Preventive Detention

Why Important: Classic Prelims/Mains topic on preventive detention laws and judicial review.

Content:

• The Allahabad High Court quashed the detention of a 25-year-old DU law student under the National Security Act, 1980
• Called the State’s version a “concocted story” and ordered her immediate release
• She had been detained in connection with a Noida workers’ protest

Static Link:

• NSA, 1980 allows detention without trial for up to 12 months on grounds of “acting in a manner prejudicial to the security of the State”
• Habeas Corpus – the writ used to challenge illegal detention

NSA vs UAPA:

Article 22:

• Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
• Rights of arrested person
• Preventive detention safeguards

3. UN’s “Overshoot, Peak, and Decline” Pathway — Limiting Overshoot Report

Tags: UNEP, Paris Agreement, 1.5°C Target, COP30

Why Important: High-value, fresh GS-3 climate governance item — first formal UN articulation of a post-breach pathway.

Content:

• The UNEP report “Limiting Overshoot” warned that breaching the 1.5°C global warming limit is now unavoidable “in the next few years”
• Even if every country meets its NDC and net-zero targets, peak warming would reach 1.8°C
• Current policies point to a 2.6°C rise by 2100
• This traces to the COP30 Belém (2025) consensus “Global Mutirão,” which was the first COP text to concede a temporary overshoot of 1.5°C was likely

Key Terminology:

NDCs vs Net-Zero Pledges:

COP30 Belém (2025):

• Held in Belém, Brazil
• “Global Mutirão” consensus
• First COP text to concede temporary overshoot of 1.5°C was likely

4. India-China “Early Harvest” Boundary Talks

Tags: SR-level talks, WMCC, 2005 Agreement on Political Parameters

Why Important: Tests the institutional architecture of India-China boundary negotiations — recurring GS-2 international relations theme.

Content:

• The 25th round of Special Representatives (SR) talks (Ajit Doval–Wang Yi) in Beijing produced an “Eight Points of Outcomes and Consensus”
• Restored the phrase “Early and Substantial Harvest” — India’s own 2019 coinage, originally proposing to settle the Sikkim Sector together with the Middle Sector along the watershed line
• The Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination (WMCC) , set up a year ago, will oversee:
  • An Expert Group on Boundary Delimitation
  • A Working Group on Border Management

Institutional Architecture:

Static Link:

• The 2005 Agreement on Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the India-China Boundary calls for a “package settlement” covering all four sectors
• This distinguishes sector-wise vs holistic settlement approaches
• Four Sectors: Western, Middle, Eastern, Sikkim

India’s 2019 Proposal:

• Settle Sikkim Sector together with Middle Sector along the watershed line
• This was India’s own coinage of “Early Harvest”

5. FCRA Amendment Bill, 2026

Tags: Foreign Contribution Regulation Act 1976/2010, Civil Society Regulation

Why Important: Directly testable on statutory consequences of FCRA registration cancellation — a recurring GS-2 civil-society/executive-overreach theme.

Content:

• Introduces a “Designated Authority” to take possession, manage, and eventually permanently vest or dispose of assets created from foreign contributions when an organisation’s FCRA certificate is cancelled, surrendered, or lapses
• This is a significant expansion beyond the existing FCRA’s scope, which already provided for vesting of assets upon cancellation but lacked this detailed statutory framework for provisional management of institutional activities

FCRA Framework:

Designated Authority Provisions (New):

6. Can Jurists Be Appointed as Supreme Court Judges? — Article 124(3)

Tags: Constituent Assembly Debates, Article 124(3), Article 217

Why Important: Rarely tested but high-value static fact — a constitutional provision unused for 76+ years.

Content:

• Article 124(3) permits appointment to the SC via three routes:
  1. High Court judge for 5+ years
  2. Advocate of a High Court for 10+ years
  3. “Distinguished jurist” in the President’s opinion
• This third route has never been invoked
• The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 (Emergency-era) extended a similar “distinguished jurist” provision to High Court judges (Article 217), but it was omitted by the Forty-fourth Amendment Act, 1978

Statutory Link:

Comparison with US Practice:

• Felix Frankfurter appointed to US Supreme Court in 1939 after 25 years as a Harvard law professor
• Cited in Constituent Assembly debates as precedent

42nd Amendment (1976):

Routes to SC Appointment:

7. SIR — Verified Forms Still Marked “Permanently Shifted”

Tags: Electoral Rolls, SIR, ASDD Categories

Content:

• Multiple Delhi voters whose enumeration forms were officially signed and digitised by Booth Level Officers still found their names marked “permanently shifted” or “absent/untraceable” in the draft SIR roll
• Highlights a data-integrity gap between BLO verification and final roll compilation

Key Observation:

Static Link:

• BLO: Booth Level Officer – ground-level functionary
• SIR: Special Intensive Revision – statutory exercise under Section 21(3), RPA 1950
• ASDD Categories: Absent, Shifted, Dead, Duplicate

8. SC Seeks Government Explanation on IPS Deputation in CAPFs

Tags: Internal Security, CAPFs, Cadre Management

Why Important: Tests understanding of the distinction between the IPS (state cadre-based) and CAPF cadre officers.

Content:

• The SC’s May 2025 judgment directed progressive reduction of IPS officer deputation to senior CAPF posts (Senior Administrative Grade and above) within two years
• The Centre later enacted the CAPFs (General Administration) Act, 2026 to seemingly circumvent this judgment
• Now under separate challenge via five writ petitions

Key Distinction:

CAPFs (General Administration) Act, 2026:

• Enacted after SC’s May 2025 judgment
• Aimed to circumvent the judgment
• Challenged via five writ petitions

9. Purse Seine Fishing — SC on State vs Union Jurisdiction in EEZ

Tags: Marine Fishing Regulation Rules 2020, EEZ Rules 2025, Cooperative Federalism

Why Important: Tests the layered jurisdiction over India’s maritime zones — territorial waters vs EEZ.

Content:

• The SC directed Tamil Nadu to frame a “specified channel” for vessel transit to the EEZ
• Held that fishing within territorial waters is governed by the Tamil Nadu Marine Fishing Regulation Rules, 2020
• The EEZ (beyond 12 nautical miles) is governed by the Central “Sustainable Harnessing of Fisheries in the EEZ Rules, 2025,” which requires an “access pass”

Maritime Zones (UNCLOS):

Fishing Regulations:

Purse Seine Fishing:

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